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| 文章出处：学生大考试站 发布时间：2005-10-12 |
subject to influence or manipulation by his or her spouse.
Spouses can promote each other’s health by ameliorating （改善）psychological stress. A substantial literature develops strong evidence that psychological stress causes illness, increases mortality risk, and serves as an important mechanism that links socioeconomic characteristics to health and mortality. Stress-reducing mechanisms include removal of sources of stress, and management of stress by talking about it to a trusted other person, psychiatric treatment, physical exercise, recreation and other means. A spouse can provide or encourage all of these stress-reducing behaviors.
Spouses also can promote each other’s health by providing each other with supportive social contact, and they can facilitate or inhibit each other’s social contact with supportive others. Evidence suggests that health is greatly advanced by supportive social contacts, including positive interaction with relatives, friends, coworkers and acquaintances. Recent experimental data shows that persons with more diverse social networks are more resistant to experimentally introduced upper respiratory viruses than persons with less diverse social networks.
Spouses can also promote each other’s health by providing each other with money income, and they can help each other manage money income effectively. Money does not buy health directly, but it can be used to purchase goods and services that make good health more likely. These goods and services include nutritious food, a hygienic and safe environment, medical care, and amenities that reduce psychological stress. Unless estranged or unusually wealthy, husbands and wives almost always share their financial resources and purchases and consume many of these health-promoting goods and services jointly. In short, there are many ways in which spouses can influence each other’s probability of good health.
词汇注释：
congenital 天生的
mediate 斡旋
facilitate使容易／便利
inhibit 阻止；抑制
respiratory 呼吸的
hygienic 卫生的
amenity (pl.)使人愉快的事物，环境等
estrange 使疏远
译文：
当他们结婚时，丈夫和妻子都有很好的健康史和对于好的健康和不好的健康的一些根深蒂固的天生的或者长期培养形成的嗜好。大量的研究表明，在特定的时间里，假使一个人有健康的嗜好和良好的健康状况，他/她未来的健康是否良好将受到众多社会因素的影响，这些因素与其配偶的影响或操控有关。
通过减少心理压力，配偶间可以促进相互间的健康。大量的文献表明，心理压力引起疾病，增加死亡的危险性并建立一种重要的机制，由此将健康的社会经济特点和死亡率联系起来。减少压力的方法包括：消除导致压力的因素、通过与自己信得过的人的交谈控制压力、进行心理治疗、进行体育锻炼、参加娱乐活动等等。而配偶可以提供或鼓励所有的这些减少压力的方法。
配偶也可以通过使对方有更多的社会交往而促进各自的健康状况。证据表明，健康状况将会由于支持性的社会交往而得到改善，这其中包括积极地与亲戚、朋友、同事和熟人交往
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