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| 文章出处：学生大考试站 发布时间：2005-10-12 |
Passage Three
Who talks more, women or men? The seemingly contradictory evidence is reconciled by the difference between what I call public and private speaking. More men feel comfortable by doing “public speaking”, while more women feel comfortable doing “private” speaking. Another way of capturing these differences is by using the terms report-talk and rapport(和谐，和善)-talk.
For most women, the language of conversation is primarily a language of rapport: a way of establishing connections and negotiating relationships. Emphasis is placed on displaying similarities and matching experiences. From childhood, girls criticize peers who try to stand out or appear better than others. People feel their closest connections at home, or in settings where they feel at home with one or a few people they feel close to and comfortable with， in other words, during private speaking. But even the most public situations can be approached like private speaking.
For most men, talk is primarily a means to preserve independence and negotiate and maintain status in a hierarchical（等级的） social order. This is done by exhibiting knowledge and skill, and by holding center stage through verbal performance such as storytelling, joking, or imparting （给予，传授）information. From childhood, men learn to use talking as a way to get and keep attention. So they are more comfortable speaking in larger groups made up of people they know less well, in the broadest sense, “public speaking”. But even the most private situations can be approached like public speaking, more like giving a report than establishing rapport.
词汇注释：
contradictory 自相矛盾的
reconcile 使和解；调停
similarity 相似之处
peer 同辈人
approach 与（某人）接洽或交涉
译文：
是男人说话多，还是女人说话多？这种看似自相矛盾的证据在我所说的在公众面前的讲话和私人之间
谈话的不同面前却达成了一致。男人大多能在公众场合从容不迫地讲话，而女人却在进行私人谈话时
怡然自得。另外一个了解这些不同的方法是使用“报告类谈话”和“和善类谈话”这两个词。 对于大部分妇女而言，谈话所使用的语言主要是一种和善的语言：这恰是建立联系和协商关系的办法。
女性之间注重展示相互间的相同点和分享彼此的经历。 从少年时代起，女孩就会批评那些想要与众不同或显得比别人优越的同伴。她们在下面的情况都能
感受到人与人之间的亲密关系：在家里，在舒适的地方，与那些觉得亲近并且很舒服的人呆在一起时，
换言之，在私底下谈话时。不过，即使是在公共场合，私人谈话也可以照样进行。
对于男人来说，说话主要被用来保持自己的独立性以及在等级社会中商定和维护身份。这主要通过展
示知识和技巧，通过讲故事、说笑或传授信息而占据中心舞台来实现。从少年时代起，男孩就学着将
说话作为一种引起和保持注意力的手段。所以他们更适应在不认识的人群面前讲话，从广义上讲，即
所谓的“公众场合的讲话”。但是，即使是再私人的场合，男人也可以像在公众场合讲话。而这更像是
在做报告，而不是在建立一种联系。
1. Another term for “private talking” is_______. （“私人谈话”的另外一种说法是：）
A）. report talk （做报告式讲话） B）. rapport talk（和善的谈话）
C）. persuasive talk （劝说性的谈话） D）. women
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